Alcoa Aluminum Co. is selling its Tapoco Hydroelectric Project to Brookfield Renewable Energy Partners for $600 million.
Tapoco's operations include four hydroelectric dams and generating stations on the Little Tennessee and Cheoah Rivers. The Calderwood, Santeetlah, Chilhowee and Cheoah dams came online between 1919 and 1957 to power Alcoa's smelting operations in Alcoa, TN.
According to Alcoa, the sale involves "the four generating stations and dams, 86 miles of transmission line, and about 14,500 acres of land associated with and surrounding Tapoco."
Brookfield says the facilities have an installed capacity of 378 megawatts with average annual generation of approximately 1.4 million megawatt hours, and "can be operated as daily peaking facilities and benefit from one of the lowest cost of operations in the TVA region." The power is contracted to TVA through June 2014.
SOURCES:
• Alcoa press release
• Brookfield press release
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Cheowa, Santeela and Slickrock
I've got a bad feeling about this.
How so?I was a little
How so?
I was a little curious about the condition of the dams. They are really old. Here are some pics of Santeelah. It's pretty rough. There are visible leaks.
In the Brookfield press release they say the the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission gave Tapoco a 40 year operating license in 2005. Hard to imagine these lasting that long without major repairs.
If my math on the back of a napkin is right, the retail value of the power is about $120 million a year. They are wholesaling it to TVA so maybe they get half of that which means they get their money back in about ten years not allowing for operating costs, interest and future value and whatnot. Sounds like a pretty good investment, as long as there aren't any major problems with the dams. In that case, you wonder if they would have the resources to fix them.
Sorry about the delay
My concern lies with the watershed management. The four lakes in question are currently managed on a more or less full pool basis, that is to say, they are managed as cold water reservoirs. I am not aware of a mandate compelling Alcoa to do so, it just made sense on virtually all levels within their agreement with TVA.
If they are going to be managed to push quarterly profits, there will be damage to the watershed's fisheries. The four lakes in question have a steelhead effect on the streams feeding them, so the possibility of real damage to the now native brood stock on the Slickrock and Santeelah watersheds, as well as Cheowah, Abrams Creek, Panther Creek etc.
I don't know what is going to happen, but short of taking the dams out, current watershed management, at least from what I've seen, appears to be best practice. In this case, I fear change.
I believe we may be looking at the end of the last, best place on earth.
steelhead effect
Those watersheds are definitely treasures worthy of deep concern. I am not familiar with the phrase "steelhead effect." Could you elaborate on that so I can better understand what you are saying?
Steelhead effect
Rainbow trout will move to large bodies of water to feed from their home streams. They tend to grow larger and live longer than their harder living cousins and brothers and sisters that stay home. The effect is much more noticeable around the ocean (trout can live in both salt and fresh water, like salmon) and great lakes but the effect exists in these cold water lakes as well to a lesser degree. It offers a degree of genetic diversity to the population. This is a Readers Digest version of the ecosystem effect and it does happen with other species as well.
In my early days of trout fishing I canoed over to Slickrock with "Jungle Tim" (R.I.P.) and witnessed the spawn of a springtime fish that I mistook for trout. I didn't catch one but I remember shaking from the excitement and , frankly, that's somewhat out of character for me.
Hope this helps.
I think I'm understanding
I think I'm understanding you. If the lakes are drawn down more frequently, their temperatures will rise. Trout and other cold-water fish won't like that, and they will effectively lose habitat and become isolated within each creek system. Right?
I know that the dam near Slickrock (Cheoah, I think) is a bottom-release design, which means the coldest water comes out first. I wonder whether the other dams share this design feature and what impact that has on the temperature regime in the lakes. It seems possible that the released water would sink, leaving the top layer to act as a thermal barrier, thus mitigating the impact. I'm just guessing, of course.
The operating permits for these dams surely include limits on releases, so we should find out when those permits are up for renewal and watch to see whether the new owners seek changes.
Understanding the situation
Essentially you have it.
There are other factors, for instance, spillways will oxygenate water but by and large the mass of cold water in and of itself is what keeps everything cold. In the lower reservoirs TVA will vary that mass of water in order to achieve specific goals, many of which aren't in and off themselves very beneficial to a fishery.
Calderwood dam releases and generates through a tunnel cut in the mountain. Santeelah and Cheowa are both pictured and Chilhowee is easily accessed via 129 without having to go through the dragon's tail.
There is a thermocline effect in reservoirs (I believe this is what you were noting) as well.
I know virtually nothing about the permitting process and have no idea how that part will play out. I suspect I will be learning about privately held dam regulations in the near future.
End of Alcoa as we know it in East Tennessee
By disconnecting their home grown power supply which originally drove the aluminum smelting operations, we may have seen the end of the Alcoa aluminum production facilities as we knew them.
There may be nothing left over there but the aluminum can operations, aluminum sheets rolled in, aluminum cans trucked out.
The Good News
is that all these folks wanting to bring auto manufacturing to the area will finally have a site big enough, though demolition costs may well make the site more suitable for processing yard waste.
Tapoco
It's the dam Harrison Ford dives off of in "The Fugitive."
Tapoco
Is the dam also referred to as Cheowa?
A final thought for the evening on the subject at hand
It's not all peaches and cream here. There are rumors of some rather large deposits of hazardous wastes at the bottom of Chilhowee Lake, and , during the last draw down for dam maintenance a cache of barrels was discovered around the mouth of Abrams Creek. According to local legend, the mother load is actually below Calderwood dam. Just sayin.
The way it will work, in a nutshell, is this. Brookfield owns the dams, the Fed (that's us) owns the water, the deeded landowner owns the land and the two states own the fish and game. There are many more chips in the game than there were when Alcoa owned the land and dams and had a sweetheart deal on the water which they managed in a manner that appeared (on the surface anyway) to benefit the fish.
Stay tuned.
I seem to recall a discovery
I seem to recall a discovery and subsequent cleanup of significant toxic wastes, particularly PCBs, in Chilhowee back in the 1980s. Don't remember the details, but seem to recall illegal dumping was involved, possibly something to do with transformer repairs or something. Haven't heard the folklore about Calderwood, but it wouldn't surprise me.
The most recent EPA water quality assessments list both Chilhowee and Calderwood as "good," for whatever that's worth.
The TDEC assessments do not list either reservoir as being impaired.
Both reports list Tellico as being impaired by PCBs (legacy contaminated sediments) and Mercury (atmospheric deposits).
TWRA Report
(link...)
Neither Calderwood nor Chilhowee is on this list. I no longer recommend taking a canoe to Calderwood because until there is some measure of traffic control on 129 a motorcycle enema is a distinct possibility. The fishing is great though.
Here's Tapoco's license
Here's Tapoco's license renewal and operating plan from 2005. It gives a detailed overview of the operations, discharges, fisheries management, etc. (warning: large PDF, right click and "download as" to save a copy if you prefer):
FERC Project No. 2169-020
EDIT: This is the license they are currently operating under and that will presumably transfer to Brookfield.
Thanks
I needed something to read. Grisham's next book won't be out for a while.
Started Reading
The project agreement tonight. It's amazing how many of the same players always show up in these things. Having sat through some U.S. Forest Service ten year plan meetings, I have to wonder who showed up for these.
Maryville Daily Times has
Maryville Daily Times has some interesting background on the Tapoco sale.
For example, I did not know that Fontana was originally going to be another Tapoco dam until TVA took over the project by eminent domain for the war effort.
It's hard to imagine Alcoa building something on the scale of Fontana (isn't it the largest dam east of the Mississippi?). Perhaps they had something smaller in mind?
Who knows?
This could turn out to be a good thing.
TVA completed Norris Dam in 1936, Fontana was started in 1942
Norris was TVA's first dam completed on the Tennessee River System and Fontana is a similar straight gravity dam with no locks or other passage components for anything other than water and remains the largest dam in the Eastern United States even today.
Norris was the primary electricity provider to the Manhattan Project in Anderson and Roane counties through August, 1945.
Not sure there is anything good about TVA acquiring anything from private enterprises or private citizens anymore, but if Alcoa is not going to continue to operate their power assets, I guess TVA is the only logical purchaser.